Editors evaluate manuscripts solely on their academic merit, originality, scientific contribution, methodological quality, and relevance to the journal's scope.

Editors evaluate all submissions without discrimination based on nationality, gender, religion, ethnicity, institutional affiliation, or political beliefs.

Editors must maintain complete confidentiality regarding submitted manuscripts and must not disclose information to unauthorized individuals.

Editors must withdraw from handling manuscripts whenever a conflict of interest exists.

Editors investigate suspected cases of plagiarism, duplicate publication, fabricated data, image manipulation, unethical research practices, or authorship disputes.

Editors ensure that every manuscript undergoes a fair, objective, confidential, and timely double-blind peer review process.

Editors publish corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions whenever significant errors or ethical misconduct are identified.

Editorial decisions are made independently without influence from sponsors, advertisers, institutions, or authors.

Reviewers must treat every manuscript as confidential and must not share or discuss it with others.

Reviews should be objective, constructive, respectful, and supported by clear academic reasoning.

Reviewers should accept review invitations only if they can complete the review within the requested deadline.

Reviewers should review manuscripts only within their area of expertise.

Reviewers must immediately inform the editor if any financial, institutional, professional, or personal conflict of interest exists.

Reviewers should report suspected plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, citation manipulation, image manipulation, or other ethical concerns.

Reviewers should recommend relevant scholarly literature where appropriate but must not request unnecessary citations for personal benefit.

Reviewers must avoid personal criticism of authors and focus solely on improving the scientific quality of the manuscript.

Submitted manuscripts must be original and must not have been published or submitted elsewhere simultaneously.

Authors should present research findings honestly, accurately, and transparently without fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data.

Authors must appropriately acknowledge the work of other researchers through accurate citations and references.

Plagiarism in any form—including direct copying, paraphrasing without attribution, self-plagiarism, and AI-assisted plagiarism—is strictly prohibited.

Only individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions should be listed as authors. All authors must approve the final manuscript before submission.

Authors should retain research data and provide supporting data when requested by the editors.

Authors must disclose all financial or personal relationships that could influence the research.

Authors must disclose all funding sources supporting the research.

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with institutional and international ethical standards and include necessary ethics approval and informed consent where applicable.

If Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have been used for language editing, coding assistance, image generation, or content preparation, authors must clearly disclose the extent of AI usage. AI tools cannot be listed as authors and authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the manuscript.

Authors must not submit substantially similar manuscripts to multiple journals simultaneously.

Authors must promptly notify the journal if significant errors are discovered after publication and cooperate in issuing corrections or retractions when necessary.